At the heart of Bhutanse spiritual legacy lies the figure of Guru Rinpoche, also known as Padmasambhava, who is revered as the most popular and pervasive religious figure in Bhutan's Buddhist traditions. One of the most remarkable manifestations of this devotion to Guru Rinpoche can be seen in the numerous Zangtog Pelri temples that dot the Bhutanese landscape.
Zangtog Pelri, which means "Copper Coloured Mountain" in the Bhutanese language, is a style of temple architecture that represents the Copper Coloured Palace of Padmasambhava, said to be located in the land of rakshasas or demons. According to Bhutanese religious consciousness, Guru Rinpoche is an enlightened force who exists beyond spatial and temporal constructions, beyond birth and death. Zangdog Pelri, as the place where he has resided since leaving the Himalayas, is seen as a blessed realm conducive for spiritual practices that culminate in enlightenment.
Zangtog Pelri temples are functional three-dimensional representations of Padmasambhava's palace, with three floors depicting the realms of three Buddhas, who are essentially one and the same. The top floor represents the realm of the Buddha Amitabha, the middle floor the realm of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, and the broad ground floor as the realm of Padmasambhava. The sculptures and wall murals on the three floors include Buddhas, deities, and figures who constitute the retinues of the three Buddhas. In the main shrine on the ground floor, Padmasambhava takes the central place surrounded by his disciples including the two chief female consorts, his twenty-five Tibetan followers, and the many treasure discoverers.
Despite the minor differences in their architectural styles, all Zangtog Pelri edifices across Bhutan serve all the functions of any other temple, and are hubs of religious activities and public events. These paradises of Guru Rinpoche are not only significant spiritual landmarks but also a testimony to the country's rich cultural heritage.
In conclusion, Zangtog Pelri temples are a must-visit for anyone interested in Bhutanese culture and spirituality. With their breathtaking architecture, intricate sculptures and wall murals, and rich spiritual significance, these temples provide a glimpse into the Bhutanese way of life and the devotion of its people to Guru Rinpoche.